People with higher levels of socioeconomic position tend to report higher levels of leisure time physical activity than those with lower socioeconomic position. For example, leisure time physical activity has been reported to increase with age after retirement in China, but not in other countries such as Australia. Cultural and socioeconomic factors may also affect leisure time physical activity. Engaging in more regular moderate-to-high intensity activity can improve cardiorespiratory fitness, which may have additional, independent benefits for cardiovascular health. For example, one study estimates that engaging in the equivalent of 75 minutes of brisk walking per week could increase life expectancy by 1.8 years in those aged over 40 years old, compared with no activity. Further, evidence suggests that even relatively low levels of participation in leisure time physical activity may have substantial health benefits. Prospective studies have found that greater levels of participation in leisure time physical activity is associated with a longer lifespan and a lower prevalence of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, type-2 diabetes and multiple cancers. There is a particular public health interest in leisure time physical activity due to the assumption that individuals have greater autonomy over their activity levels during leisure time and such activities may improve cardiorespiratory fitness. ![]() Leisure time physical activity only accounts for an estimated 5-10% of total energy expenditure, but it has been the predominant focus of epidemiological research. Leisure time physical activity includes any form of activity undertaken during leisure (non-work) time, such as exercise. Click below for an introduction to the different domains of physical activity:
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